| 襄公八年[编辑] 經八年． - 春．王正月．公如晉．
- 夏．葬鄭僖公．
- 鄭人侵蔡．獲蔡公子燮．
- 季孫宿會晉侯．鄭伯．齊人．宋人．衛人．邾人．于邢丘．
- 公至自晉．
- 莒人伐我東鄙．
- 秋．九月．大雩(yú)．
- 冬．楚公子貞帥師伐鄭．
- 晉侯使士匄來聘．
| VIII. Eighth year. 1. In his eighth year, in spring, in the king's first month, the duke went to Jin. 2. In summer, there was the burial of duke Xi of Zheng. 3. A body of men from Zheng made an incursion into Cai, and captured duke [Zhuang's] son, Xie. 4. Jisun Su had a meeting with the marquis of Jin, the earl of Zheng, an officer of Qi, an officer of Wey, and an officer of Zhu, in Xingqiu. 5. The duke arrived from Jin. 6. A body of men from Ju invaded our eastern borders. 7. In autumn, in the ninth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain. 8. In winter, the Gongzi Zhen of Chu led a force, and invaded Zheng. 9. The marquis of Jin sent Shi Gai to Lu on a mission of friendly inquiries. | | 傳八年． | COMMENTARY | | 春．公如晉朝．且聽朝聘之數． | In spring, the duke went to Jin on a court-visit, and to hear how often such visits, and visits of friendly inquiry, should be paid. | | 鄭群公子以僖公之死也．謀子駟．子駟先之．夏．四月．庚辰．辭殺子狐．子熙．子侯．子丁．孫擊．孫惡．出奔衛． | The sons of previous earls of Zheng, in consequence of the death of duke Xi, were planning to take off Zisi, when he anticipated their movement. On Gengchen, in the 4th month, this summer, on some charge of guilt, he put to death Zihu, Zixi, Zihou, and Ziding. Sun Ji and Sun E (sons of Zihu) fled to Wey | | 庚寅．鄭子國．子耳．侵蔡．獲蔡司馬公子燮．鄭人皆喜．唯子產不順．曰．小國無文德而有武功．禍莫大焉．楚人來討．能勿從乎．從之．晉師必至．晉楚伐鄭．自今鄭國．不四五年．弗得寧矣．子國怒之．曰．爾何知．國有大命．而有正卿．童子言焉．將為戮矣． | On Gengyin, Ziguo and Zi'er made an incursion into Cai, and captured its minister of War, duke [Zhuang's] son Xie. The people of Zheng were all glad, with the single exception of Zichan, who said, "There can be no greater misfortune to a small State than to have success in war while there is no virtue in its civil administration. When the people of Chu, come to punish us [for this exploit], we must yield to their demands. Yielding to Chu, the army of Jin is sure to come upon us. Both Jin and Chu will attack Zheng, which, within 4 or 5 years, will have no quiet." Ziguo (his father) was angry, and said to him, "What do you know? The expedition was a great commission of the State, and conducted by its chief minister. If a boy like you talk about it so, you will get into disgrace."' | | 五月．甲辰．會于邢丘．以命朝聘之數．使諸侯之大夫聽命．季孫宿．齊高厚．宋向戌．衛甯殖．邾大夫會之．鄭伯獻捷于會．故親聽命．大夫不書．尊晉侯也．． | In the 5th month, on Jiachen, [the marquis of Jin] held a meeting at Xingqiu; to give out his rules about the times for appearing at his court, and for friendly missions, when he made the great officers attend to receive his orders. [Our] Jisun Su, Gao Hou of Qi, Xiang Xu of Song, Ning Zhi of Wey, and a great officer of Zhu, were present. The earl of Zheng presented蟜 the spoils [of Cai] at the meeting, and so received the charge of Jin in person. The names of the great officers are not given, in deference to the marquis of Jin. | | 莒人伐我東鄙．以疆鄫田 | A body of men from Ju invaded our eastern borders. This invasion had reference to the defining the borders of the lands of Zeng. | | 秋．九月．大雩．旱也． | In autumn, there was a grand sacrifice for rain. That the sacrifice was offered because of a prevailing drought. | | 冬．楚子囊伐鄭．討其侵蔡也．子駟．子國．子耳．欲從楚．子孔．子蟜．子展．欲待晉．子駟曰．周詩有之曰． | n winter, Zinang, of Chu invaded Zheng, to punish it for its raid on Cai. Zisi, Ziguo, and Zi'er wished to follow Chu. Zikong, Zijiao, and Zizhan, wished to [hold out, and] wait for Jin. Zisi said, "There is an ode (a lost ode) of Zhou which says, | | 俟河之清．人壽幾何．兆云詢多．職競作羅．謀之多族．民之多違．事滋無成．民急矣．姑從楚以紓吾民．晉師至．吾又從之．敬共幣帛．以待來者．小國之道也．犧牲玉帛．待於二竟．以待彊者．而庇民焉．寇不為害．民不罷病．不亦可乎． | 'If you wait till the He becomes clear, The life of man is too short [for such a thing].' There are the decisions of the tortoise-shell, and various opinions of our counsellors; this is like making a net with conflicting views. The great families have many different plans, and the people are much divided. It is more and more difficult to conduct our affairs successfully. The people are in distress; let us for the time give way to Chu, to relieve our people. When the army of Jin arrives, we can also follow it. To wait the comer with reverent offerings of silks is the way for a small State. With cattle, gems, and silks, on our two borders, we can wait the approach of the stronger Power, and thus protect the people. The enemy will then do us no harm, and the people will not be distressed: —is not this a course that can be followed?" | | 子展曰．小所以事大．信也．小國無信．兵亂日至．亡無日矣．五會之信．今將背之．雖楚救我．將安用之．親我無成．鄙我是欲．不可從也．不如待晉．晉君方明．四軍無闕．八卿和睦．必不棄鄭．楚師遼遠．糧食將盡．必將速歸．何患焉．舍之聞之．杖莫如信．完守以老楚．杖信以待晉．不亦可乎．子駟曰．詩云． | 'Zizhan said, "It is by good faith that a small State can serve a great one. If the small one do not observe good faith, war and disorder will be constantly coming on it, and the day of its ruin will not be distant. We are bound to faith [with Jin] by five meetings, and if we violate it, though Chu may help us, of what use will it be? With [Jin] that would befriend us you do not seek peace; with [Chu] that would make our State a border of its own you wish to [treat]:—this plan is not to be followed. We had better wait for Jin. Its ruler is intelligent; its four armies are all complete; its eight commanders are all harmonious: —it will not abandon Zheng. The army of Chu has come from far; its provisions will soon be exhausted; it must shortly retire:——why be troubled about it? According to what I have heard, no support is like good faith. Let us firmly hold out, to tire Chu, and let us lean on good faith, awaiting Jin:—is not this the course that should be followed? Zisi replied, "The ode (Shi, II. v. ode I. 3) says, | | 謀夫孔多．是用不集．發言盈庭．誰敢執其咎．如匪行邁謀．是用不得于道．請從楚．騑也受其咎．乃及楚平．使王子伯駢告于晉曰．君命敝邑．脩而車賦．儆而師徒．以討亂略．蔡人不從．敝邑之人．不敢寧處．悉索敝賦．以討于蔡．獲司馬燮．獻于邢丘．今楚來討曰．女何故稱兵于蔡．焚我郊保．馮陵我城郭．敝邑之眾．夫婦男女．不遑啟處．以相救也．翦焉傾覆．無所控告．民死亡者．非其父兄．即其子弟．夫人愁痛．不知所庇．民知窮困．而受盟于楚．孤也與其二三臣．不能禁止．不敢不告．知武子使行人子員對之曰．君有楚命．亦不使一介行李．告于寡君．而即安于楚．君之所欲也．誰敢違君．寡君將帥諸侯以見于城下．唯君圖之． | The counsellors are very many, And so nothing is accomplished. The words spoken fill the court, But who will take the responsibility of decision? We are as if we consulted [about a journey], without taking a step in advance, And therefore did not get on on the road.' Please let us follow Chu, and I will take the responsibility." Accordingly they made peace with Chu, and sent the king's son, Bopian to inform [the marquis of] Jin, saying, "Your lordship commanded our State to have its chariots in repair and its soldiers in readiness to punish the disorderly and remiss. The people of Cai were disobedient, and our people did not dare to abide quietly [looking on]. We called out all our levies to punish Cai, took captive Xie its minister of war, and presented him to your lordship at Xingqiu, And now Chu has come to punish us, asking why we commenced hostilities with Cai. It has burned all the stations on our borders; it has come insultingly up to our walls and suburbs. The multitudes of our people, husbands and wives, men and women, had no houses left in which to save one another. They have been destroyed with an utter overthrow, with no one to appeal to. If the fathers and elder brothers have not perished, the sons and younger brothers have done so. All were full of sorrow and distress, and there was none to protect them. Under the pressure of their destitution, they accepted a covenant with Chu, which I and my ministers were not able to prevent. I dare not but now inform you of it." Zhi Wuzi made the internuncius Ziyuan reply to Bopian, "Your ruler received such a message from Chu, and at the same time did not send a single messenger to inform our ruler, but instantly sought for rest under Chu:—it was your ruler's wish to do so; who would dare to oppose him? But our ruler will lead on the States and see him beneath his walls. Let your ruler take measures accordingly." | | 晉范宣子來聘．且拜公之辱．告將用師于鄭．公享之．宣子賦摽有梅．季武子曰．誰敢哉．今譬於草木．寡君在君．君之臭味也．歡以承命．何時之有．武子賦角弓．賓將出．武子賦彤弓．宣子曰．城濮之役．我先君文公獻功于衡雍．受彤弓于襄王．以為子孫藏．匄也．先君守官之嗣也．敢不承命．君子以為知禮． | 'Fan Xuanzi (Shi Gai) came to Lu, on a friendly mission, and also to acknowledge the duke's visit [to Jin, in spring], and to give notice about taking the field against Zheng. The duke feasted him, on which occasion he sang the Biao you mei (Shi, I. ii. ode IX.), and Ji Wuzi (Jisun Su) rejoined, "Who will dare [not to obey your orders]? If you compare your ruler to a plum-tree, ours is to him as its fragrance, [a portion of the same plant]. Joyfully we receive your orders, and will obey them without regard to time." With this he sang the Jiao gong (Shi II. vii. ode IX.). When the guest was about to leave [the hall], Wuzi [also] sang the Tong gong (Shi, II. iii. ode I.), Xuanzi said, "After the battle of Chengpu, our former ruler, duke Wen, presented [the trophies of] his success in Hengyong (see the Zhuan on V. xxviii. 8), and received the red bow from king Xiang, to be preserved by his descendants. I have inherited the office held by my ancestor under that previous ruler, and dare not but receive your instructions?" The superior man considers that Xuanzi was acquainted with propriety.' |
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