XXX. Thirtieth year.

 襄公三十年
經三十年．
  1. 春．王正月．楚子使薳罷來聘．
  2. 夏．四月．蔡世子般弒其君固．
  3. 五月．甲午．宋災．宋伯姬卒．
  4. 天王殺其弟佞夫．
  5. 王子瑕奔晉．
  6. 秋．七月．叔弓如宋．葬宋共姬．
  7. 鄭良霄出奔許．自許入于鄭．鄭人殺良霄．
  8. 冬．十月．葬蔡景公．
  9. 晉人．齊人．宋人．衛人．鄭人．曹人．莒人．邾人．滕人．薛人．杞人．小邾人．會于澶淵．宋災故．
 XXX. Thirtieth year.
1. In the [duke's] thirtieth year, in spring, in the king's first month, the viscount of Chu sent Wei Pi to Lu on a mission of friendly inquiries.
2. In summer, in the fourth month, Ban, heir-son of Cai, murdered his ruler Gu.
3. In the fifth month, on Jiawu, there was a fire in [the palace of] Song, [in which] the eldest daughter [of our duke Cheng], [who had been married to duke Gong] of Song, died.
4. The king [by] Heaven's [grace] put to death his younger brother, Ningfu.
5. The king's son Xia fled to Jin.
6. In autumn, in the seventh month, Shu Gong went to the burial of Gong Ji of Song.
7. Liang Xiao of Zheng fled from that State to Xu. From Xu he entered [again] into [the capital of] Zheng, when the people of Zheng put him to death.
8. In winter, in the tenth month, there was the burial of duke Jing of Cai.
9. Officers of Jin, Qi, Song, Wey, Zheng, Cao, Ju, Zhu, Teng, Xue, Qi, and Little Zhu, had a meeting at Chanyuan, in consequence of the calamity of fire in Song.
 傳三十年． COMMENTARY
 春．王正月．楚子使薳罷來聘．通嗣君也．穆叔問王子之為政何如．對曰吾儕小人．食而聽事．猶懼不給命．而不免於戾．焉與知政．固問焉．不告．穆叔告大夫曰．楚令尹將有大事．子蕩將與焉．助之匿其情矣． 'Mushu asked the envoy how king [Gong's] son was going on in his government, and was answered, "We little men eat, and receive instructions as to the business to be done by us, always apprehensive lest we do not fulfil our duties aright, and do not escape being charged with some transgression; how can we have anything to do with taking knowledge of the government?" Mushu pressed for a more definite reply, but did not obtain it, on which he said to the great officers, "The chief minister of Chu is going to make a coup d'etat, and Zidang (Wei Pi) will take a part in it. He is aiding him, and conceals the matter."
 子產相鄭伯以如晉．叔向問鄭國之政焉．對曰．吾得見與否．在此歲也．駟良方爭．未知所成若有所成．吾得見．乃可知也．叔向曰．不既和矣乎．對曰．伯有侈而愎．子皙好在人上．莫能相下也．雖其和也．猶相積惡也．惡至無日矣． 'Zichan attended the earl of Zheng on a visit to Jin, when Shuxiang asked him how [it was going to go] with the government of Zheng. He replied, "Whether I can see it, or cannot see it, the thing will be determined this year. Si (The Gongsun Hei, Zixi;—see the Zhuan at the end of the last year) and Liang (Boyou) were quarrelling, and I do not know the issue. If the issue were come, and I see it, then [what you ask about] may be known." Shuxiang said, "Have they not been reconciled?" "Boyou," answered Zichan, "is extravagant and self-willed; and Zixi likes to be above others. The one of them cannot be below the other. Although they were reconciled, they are still gathering evil against one another; and it will come to a head at no [distant] day." '
 三月．癸未．晉悼夫人食輿人之城杞者．絳縣人或年長矣．無子．而往與於食．有與疑年．使之年．曰臣小人也．不知紀年．臣生之歲．正月甲子朔．四百有四十五．甲子矣．其季於今．三之一也．吏走問諸朝．師曠曰．魯叔仲惠伯會郤成子于承匡之歲也．是歲也．狄伐魯．叔孫莊叔於是乎敗狄于鹹．獲長狄僑如．及虺也豹也．而皆以名其子．七十三年矣．史趙曰．亥有二首六身．下二如身．是其日數也．士文伯曰．然則二萬二千六百有六旬也． 'In the 2d month, on Guiwei, the [dowager] marchioness Dao of Jin entertained all the men who had been engaged in the walling of Qi. Belonging to the district of Jiang was a childless old man who went and took his place at the feast. Some who were present doubted about his age, and would have him tell it. He said, "A small man like me does not know how to keep a record of the years. Since the year of my birth, which began on a Jiazi, the 1st day of the moon (The Xia year, not the Zhou), there have been 445 Jiazi, and today is the 20th day of the cycle now running (20 days=1/3 of 60)." The officers [of the feast] ran to the court to ask [the year of his birth]. The music-master Kuang said, "It was the year when Shuzhong Huibo of Lu had a meeting with Xi Chengzi in Chengkuang (See VI. xi. 2). In that year, the Di invaded Lu, and Shusun Zhuangshu defeated them at Xian, taking their giants Qiaoru, Hui, and Bao, after whom he named his sons. It is 73 years ago." The historiographer Zhao said, "The character hai (亥, anciently, in the seal character ) is composed of two at the head and sixes in the body of it. If you take the two and place it alongside the sixes of the body (), you get the number of the man's days." Shi Wenbo said, "Then they are 26,660."
 趙孟問其縣大夫．則其屬也．召之而謝過焉．曰．武不才．任君之大事．以晉國之多虞．不能由吾子．使吾子辱在泥塗久矣．武之罪也．敢謝不才．遂仕之．使助為政．辭以老．與之田．使為君復陶．以為絳縣師．而廢其輿尉． 'Zhaomeng asked the commandant of the district, and found that it belonged to his own jurisdiction, on which he called the [old] man, and apologized for the error [that had been committed]. "In my want of ability," said he, "and occupied with [all] the great business of our ruler, through the many subjects of anxiety in connection with the State of Jin. I have not been able to employ you, [as you ought to be employed], but have made you be occupied with earth and plaster too long. It was my fault, and I apologize for my want of ability." He then made the man an officer, and wanted him to assist in the government. The man declined this on the ground of his age, when he gave him some lands, and made him keeper of the marquis's wardrobe. He also made him one of the [land] masters for the district of Jiang, and degraded the commissary [who had employed him].
 於是魯使者在晉．歸以語諸大夫．季武子曰．晉未可媮也．有趙孟以為大夫．有伯瑕以為佐．有史趙師曠而咨度焉．有叔向女齊以師保其君．其朝多君子．其庸可媮乎．勉事之而後可． 'At this time the commissioner of Lu (Zhongsun Jie) was in Jin, and he told this circumstance to the other great officers on his return. Ji Wuzi observed, "Jin is not to be slighted. With Zhaomeng as [the chief of its] great officers, and Boxia (Shi Wenbo) as his assistant; with the historiographer Zhao, and the music-master Kuang, to refer to; and with Shuxiang and Ru Qi, as tutor and guardian to its ruler, there are many superior men in its court. It is not to be slighted. Our proper course is to exert ourselves to serve it."
 夏．四月．己亥．鄭伯及其大夫盟．君子是以知鄭難之不已也． 'In summer, in the 4th month, on Jihai, the earl of Zheng made a covenant with his great officers. The superior man can know from this that the troubles of Zheng were not yet at an end'
 蔡景侯為大子般娶于楚．通焉．大子弒景侯． 'The marquis Jing of Cai had taken a wife for his eldest son from Chu, and debauched her. The son [now] murdered the marquis.
 或呌于宋大廟曰．譆譆出出．鳥鳴于亳社．如曰譆譆．甲午．宋大災．宋伯姬卒．待姆也．君子謂宋共姬女而不婦．女待人．婦義事也． 'Some one called out in the grand temple of Song. "Ah! ah! come out, come out." A bird [also] sang at the altar of Bo, as if it were saying, "Ah! Ah!" On Jiawu there occurred a great fire in Song, when duke [Cheng's] eldest daughter who had been married to the ruler of Song, died;—through her waiting for the instructress of the harem. The superior man may say that Gong Ji acted like a young lady, and not like a woman of years. A girl should wait for the instructress [in such a case]; a wife might act as was right in the case.'
 初．王儋季卒．其子括將見王而歎．單公子愆期為靈王御士．過諸廷．聞其歎而言曰．烏乎．必有此夫．入以告王．且曰．必殺之．不慼而願大．視躁而足高．心在他矣．不殺必害．王曰．童子何知． 'Before this, after king [Jian's] son Dan Ji's death, his son Kuo was going to have an audience of [his brother] king [Ling] and sighed. Qianqi, son of the duke of Shan, who was the king's charioteer, was passing through the court, and heard the sign, with the words, "Ah! this shall be mine;" so he went in, and reported the thing to the king, saying, "You must put him to death. He shows no sorrow [for his father's death], and has great ambitions. His looks are fierce, and he lifts his feet high,—his thoughts elsewhere. If you do not kill him, he will do hurt." The king replied, "He is a boy; what does his knowledge extend to?"
 及靈王崩．儋括欲立王子佞夫．佞夫弗知．戊子．儋括圍蒍．逐成愆．成愆奔平畤．五月．癸巳．尹言多．劉毅．單蔑．甘過．鞏成．殺佞夫．括瑕廖奔晉．書曰．天王殺其弟佞夫．罪在王也． 'When king Ling died, Dan Kuo wished to raise his brother Ningfu to the throne, that prince knowing nothing of it; and on Wuzi he laid siege to Wei, and drove out Cheng Qian, who fled to Pingzhi. In the 5th month, Yin Yanduo, Liu Yi, Shan Mie, Gan Guo, and Gong Cheng, put Ningfu to death. Kuo, Xia, and Liao fled to Jin. The text says that "The king put his younger brother to death," thereby condemning the king.'
 六月．鄭子產如陳蒞盟．歸復命．告大夫曰．陳亡國也．不可與也．聚禾粟．繕城郭．恃此二者而不撫其民．其君弱植．公子侈．大子卑．大夫敖．政多門．以介於大國．能無亡乎．不過十年矣． In the 6th month, Zichan of Zheng went to Chen to superintend the business of a covenant. When he reported the execution of his commission, he said to the great officers, "Chen is a doomed State, with which we should have nothing to do. [Its government] is collecting rice and millet, and repairing the walls of its capital and suburbs, relying on these two things, without doing anything for the comfort of the people. The ruler is too weak to stand to anything; his brothers and cousins are extravagant; his eldest son is mean; the great officers are proud; the government is in the hands of many families:——in this condition, and so near to the great State [of Chu] can it avoid perishing? It will perish within ten years."
 秋．七月．叔弓如宋．葬共姬也． In autumn, in the seventh month, Shu Gong went to the burial of Gong Ji of Song.
 鄭伯有耆酒．為窟室．而夜飲酒．擊鍾焉．朝至未己．朝者曰．公焉在．其人曰．吾公在壑谷．皆自朝布路而罷．既而朝．則又將使子皙如楚．歸而飲酒． 'Boyou of Zheng, in his fondness for drinking, made a chamber under ground, where he would drink all night, with bells beating around him. [On one occasion], when parties came to wait on him in the mooning, [his debauch] was not over; and when they asked where he was, the servants told them that he was in the valley, on which they all retired, and went their different ways. After this he repaired to the [earl's] court, and again insisted that Zixi should go to Chu (See the 2d narrative at the end of last year). Then on his return home, he fell to drinking.
 庚子．子皙以駟氏之甲．伐而焚之．伯有奔雍梁．醒而後知之．遂奔許． 'On Gengzi, Zixi, with the men-at-arms of the Si family, attacked and burned his house, when he fled (=was carried off by his servants) to Yongliang, only becoming aware of what had happened, when he awoke. He then fled to Xu.
 大夫聚謀．子皮曰．仲虺之志云．亂者取之．亡者侮之．推亡固存．國之利也．罕．駟．豐．同生．伯有汏(tài)侈．故不免．人謂子產．就直助彊．子產曰．豈為我徒．國之禍難．誰知所儆．或主彊直．難乃不生．姑成吾所． 'The great officers collected to take counsel [as to what should be done]. Zipi said, "We read in the Book of Zhonghui (Shu, IV. ii. 7), 'Take what they have from the disorderly, and deal summarily with those who are going to ruin. Overthrow the perishing, and strengthen what is being preserved:'—this will be profitable for the State. The founders of the Han, Si, and Feng families were the sons of one mother. Boyou [belongs to a different mother, and] is so excessively extravagant that he could not escape [his fate]." People said that Zichan would take the part of the right and help the strong. Zichan, however, said, "How should I be made a partizan? It is hard to know who should die for the miseries and troubles of the State. Suppose I took my stand with these, the strong and upright, would troubles not arise? I must be allowed to occupy my proper place."
 辛丑．子產斂伯有氏之死者而殯之．不及謀而遂行．印段從之．子皮止之．眾曰．人不我順．何止焉．子皮曰．夫子禮於死者．況生者乎．遂自止之． 'On Xichou, Zichan shrouded those belonging to Boyou's household who had died, and placed them in their coffins for burial; and then, without having taken part in the counsels [of the other officers], proceeded to leave. Yin Duan and Zipi followed him, to stop him, but [the majority] said, "Why should you detain a man who will not act along with us?" Zipi replied, "He has behaved properly to the dead; how much more will he do so to the living!" With this he went himself and induced him to remain."
 壬寅．子產入．癸卯．子石入．皆受盟于子皙氏．乙巳．鄭伯及其大夫盟于大宮．盟國人于師之梁之外．伯有聞鄭人之盟己也．怒．聞子皮之甲．不與攻己也．喜．曰．子皮與我矣．癸丑．晨．自墓門之瀆入．因馬師頡介于襄庫．以伐舊北門．駟帶率國人以伐之．皆召子產．子產曰．兄弟而及此．吾從天所與．伯有死於羊肆．子產襚之．枕之股而哭之．斂而殯諸伯有之臣在市側者．既而葬諸斗城． 'On Renyin, Zichan entered the capital, and, on Guimao, Zishi (Yin Duan); and both accepted a covenant with Zixi. On Yisi, the earl and the great officers made a covenant in the grand temple, and they bound [also] the people of the State, outside the gate Shizhiliang. When Boyou heard that they had made a covenant in Zheng with reference to himself, he was enraged; and when he heard that Zipi's men-at-arms had not been present at the attack on him, he was glad, and said, "Zipi is for me." On Guichou, early in the morning, he entered the city by the drain at the Mu gate; by means of Jie, the master of the horse, procured arms from the repository of Xiang; and proceeded to attack the old north gate. Si Dai led the people to attack him; and both parties called out for Zichan. "You are both," said Zichan, "my brethren, and since things have come to this pass, I will follow him whom Heaven favours." Boyou then died in the Sheep-market. Zichan covered him with a shroud, pillowed his body on his thigh, and wept over it. He then had it dressed and put into a coffin, which was deposited in the house of an officer of Boyou, who lived near to the market, burying it afterwards in Doucheng.
 子駟氏欲攻子產．子皮怒之．曰．禮．國之幹也．殺有禮．禍莫大焉．乃止． 'The head of the Si family wanted to attack Zichan, but Zipi was angry with him, and said, "Propriety is the bulwark of a State. No misfortune could be greater than to kill the observer of it." On this the other desisted from his purpose.
 於是游吉如晉還．聞難不入．復命于介．八月．甲子．奔晉．駟帶追之．及酸棗．與子上盟．用兩珪質于河．使公孫肸入盟大夫．己巳．復歸． 'At this time You Ji, who had been on a mission to Jin, was returning; but when he heard of the troubles, he did not enter the capital. Entrusting to his assistant-commissioner the report of his mission, in the 8th month, on Jiazi, he fled to Jin. Si Dai pursued him as far as Suanzao, and there Ji made a covenant with him,—Zishang,—dropping two batons of jade into the He, in attestation of his sincerity. He then sent Gongsun Xi into the city to make a covenant with the great officers, after which, on Jisi, he returned himself, and took his former position.
 書曰．鄭人殺良霄．不稱大夫．言自外入也． 'The text simply says that "The people of Zheng put to death Liang Xiao," not designating him a great officer of the State, because he entered it from abroad.
 於子蟜之卒也．將葬．公孫揮與裨灶晨會事焉．過伯有氏．其門上生莠．子羽曰．其莠猶在乎．於是歲在降婁．降婁中而旦．裨灶指之曰．猶可以終歲．歲不及此次也已．及其亡也．歲在娵訾之口．其明年．乃及降婁． 'After the death of Zijiao (Gongsun Chai; in the 19th year) when he was about to be buried, Gongsun Hui and Pi Zao came together early in the morning to be present. As they passed the gate of Boyou's house, there were some weeds growing on the top of it; and Ziyu (Gongsun Hui) said, "Are those weeds still there?" At this time the year-star was in Xianglou; and when that reached the meridian, it was morning. Pi Zao pointed to that constellation, and said, "The year-star may still complete a revolution, but it will not arrive at this point where it now is. When Boyou died, the year-star was in the mouth of Juzi; and the year after, it again reached Xianglou.
 僕展從伯有．與之皆死．羽頡出奔晉．為任大夫．雞澤之會．鄭樂成奔楚．遂適晉．羽頡因之．與之比而事趙文子．言伐鄭之說焉．以宋之盟故．不可．子皮以公孫鉏為馬師． 'Pu Zhan had followed Boyou, and died along with him. Yu Jie left the State and fled to Jin, where he became commandant of Jin. At the meeting of Jize. Yue Cheng of Zheng had fled to Chu, and thence gone to Jin. Yu Jie sought his help, and they were friendly. He served Zhao Wenzi, and spoke with him about invading Zheng; but that could not be done, in consequence of the covenant of Song. Zipi made Gongsun Chu master of the horse.'
 楚公子圍殺大司馬蒍掩而取其室．申無宇曰．王子必不免．善人．國之主也．王子相楚國．將善是封．殖而虐之．是禍國也．且司馬令尹之偏．而王之四體也．絕民之主．去身之偏．艾王之體．以禍其國．無不祥大焉．何以得免． 'The Gongzi Wei of Chu put to death the grand-marshal Wei Yan, and took to himself all his property. Shen Wuyu said, "The king's son (Wei) is sure not to escape an evil death. Good men are the reliance of the State. As chief minister of the State, he ought to promote and support the good, but he oppresses them,—to the calamity of the State. The marshal moreover stands in as close proximity to the chief minister as his own side, and is the four limbs of the king. [Thus the king's son] has destroyed the reliance of the people, removed his own side, and injured the king's limbs:—there could be nothing worse or more inauspicious than this. How is it possible he should escape an evil death?"
 為宋災故．諸侯之大夫會．以謀歸宋財．冬．十月．叔孫豹會晉趙武．齊公孫蠆．宋向戌．衛北宮佗．鄭罕虎．及小邾之大夫．會于澶淵．既而無歸於宋．故不書其人． 'In consequence of the fire in Song, the great officers of the States assembled to consult about making contributions for the benefit of that State. In winter, Shusun Bao joined Zhao Wu of Jin, Gongsun Chai of Qi, Xiang Xu of Song, Beigong Tuo of Wey, Han Hu of Zheng, and a great officer of Little Zhu, in a meeting at Chanyuan; but the issue was that no contributions were made to Song. On this account the names of the parties who met are not given.
 君子曰．信其不可不慎乎．澶淵之會．卿不書．不信也夫．諸侯之上卿．會而不信．寵名皆棄．不信之不可也如是．詩曰． 'The superior man will say that good faith is a thing about which men should be most careful. The ministers who met at Chanyuan are not recorded because they did not keep good faith, and their rank and names were all thrown on one side;—such is the declaration of the evil of the want of faith. The ode (Shi, III. i. ode I. 1) says,
  文王陟降．在帝左右．信之謂也．又曰．淑慎爾止．無載爾偽．不信之謂也．書曰．某人某人會于澶淵．宋災故．尤之也．不書魯大夫．諱之也．  "King Wen ascends and descends
In the presence of God."
There is the declaration of [the value of] good faith. Another ode (One of those which are lost) says,
"Be wisely careful as to your conduct;
Let nothing be done in hypocrisy."
That is spoken of the want of good faith. The words of the text that such and such men met at Chanyuan, and that it was on account of the calamity of Song, is condemnatory of them [all]. The great officer of Lu is not mentioned,—to conceal [the shame of that State] .
鄭子皮授子產政．辭曰．國小而偪．族大寵多．不可為也．子皮曰．虎帥以聽．誰敢犯子．子善相之．國無小．小能事大．國乃寬．子產為政．有事伯石．賂與之邑．子大叔曰．國皆其國也．奚獨賂焉．子產曰．無欲實難．皆得其欲．以從其事．而要其成．非我有成．其在人乎．何愛於邑．邑將焉往．子大叔曰．若四國何．子產曰．非相違也．而相從也．四國何尤焉．鄭書有之曰．安定國家．必大焉先．姑先安大．以待其所歸．既伯石懼而歸邑．卒與之．伯有既死．使大史命伯石為卿．辭．大史退．則請命焉．復命之．又辭．如是三．乃受策入拜．子產是以惡其為人也．使次己位．

 'Zipi of Zheng wished to resign the government of that State to Zichan, who declined it, saying, "The State is small, and is near to [a great one]; the clans are great, and many [members of them] are favourites [with our ruler]. The government cannot be efficiently conducted." Zipi replied, "I will lead them all to listen [to your orders], and who will dare to come into collision with you? With your ability presiding over its administration, the State will not be small. Though it be small, you can with it serve the great State, and the State will enjoy ease." On this Zichan undertook the government. Wishing to employ the services of Boshi (Gongsun Duan), he conferred on him a grant of towns. Zitaishu said, "The State is the State of us all; why do you make such a grant to him alone?" Zichan replied, "It is hard for a man not to desire such things; and when a man gets what he desires, he is excited to attend to his business, and labours to compass its success. I cannot compass that; it must be done by him. And why should you grudge the towns? Where will they go?" "But what will the neighbouring States think?" urged Zitaishu. "When we do not oppose one another," was the reply, "but act in harmony, what will they have to blame? It is said in one of our own Books, 'In order to giving rest and settlement to the State, let the great families have precedence.' Let me now for the present content them, and wait for that result." After this Boshi became afraid, and returned the towns; but in the end, [Zichan] gave them to him. And now that Boyou was dead, he sent the grand historiographer to Boshi with the commission of a minister. It was declined, and the historiographer withdrew, when Boshi requested that the offer might be repeated. On its being so, he again declined it; and this he did three times, when at last he accepted the tablet, and went to the court to give thanks for it. All this made Zichan dislike the man, but he made him take the position next to himself.
 子產使都鄙有章．上下有服．田有封洫．廬井有伍．大人之忠儉者．從而與之．泰侈者因而斃之．豐卷將祭．請田焉．弗許．曰．唯君用鮮．眾給而已．子張怒．退而徵役．子產奔晉．子皮止之．而逐豐卷．豐卷奔晉．子產請其田里．三年而復之．反其田里．及其入焉． 'Zichan made the central cities and border lands of the State be exactly defined, and enjoined on the high and inferior officers to wear [only] their distinctive robes. The fields were all marked out by their banks and ditches. The houses and jing were divided into fives, responsible for one another. The great officers, who were faithful and temperate, were advanced to higher dignities, while the extravagant were punished and taken off. Feng Juan, in prospect of a sacrifice, asked leave to go a-hunting, but Zichan refused it, saying, "It is only the ruler who uses venison. The officers use in sacrifice only the domestic animals." Zizhang was angry, withdrew, and got his servants ready, intending to attack Zichan, who thought of flying to Jin. Zipi, however, stopped him, and drove out Feng Juan, who fled to Jin. Zichan begged his lands and villages from the duke, got Juan recalled in three years, and then restored them all to him, with the income which had accrued from them.
 從政一年．輿人誦之曰．取我衣冠而褚之．取我田疇而伍之．孰殺子產．吾其與之．及三年．又誦之曰．我有子弟．子產誨之．我有田疇．子產殖之．子產而死．誰其嗣之． 'When the government had been in Zichan's hands one year, all men sang of him,
"We must take our clothes and caps, and hide them all away;
We must count our fields by fives, and own a mutual sway.
We'll gladly join with him who this Zichan will slay."
But in three years the song was,
"'Tis Zichan who our children trains;
Our fields to Zichan owe their gains.
Did Zichan die, who'd take the reins?"']
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