| 成公八年 經八年．
春．晉侯使韓穿來言汶陽之田．歸之于齊．晉欒書帥師侵蔡．公孫嬰齊如莒．宋公使華元來聘．
夏．宋公使公孫壽來納幣．晉殺其大夫趙同．趙括．
秋．七月．天子使召伯來賜公命．
冬．十月．癸卯．杞叔姬卒．晉侯使士燮來聘．叔孫僑如會晉士燮．齊人．邾人．伐剡．衛人來媵． | VIII. Eighth year. 1. In the [duke's] eighth year, in spring, the marquis of Jin sent Han Chuan to Lu, to speak about the lands of Wenyang, which were [in consequence] restored to Qi. 2. Luan Shu of Jin led a force, and made an incursion into Cai. 3. Gongsun Yingqi went to Ju. 4. The duke of Song sent Hua Yuan to Lu on a friendly mission. 5. In summer, the duke of Song sent Gongsun Shou to Lu, to present his marriage-offerings. 6. Jin put to death its great officers, Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo. 7. In autumn, in the seventh month, the son of Heaven sent the earl of Shao to confer on the duke the symbol [of investiture]. 8. In winter, in the tenth month, on Guimao, [duke Wen's] third daughter, [who had been married to the earl] of Qi, died. 9. The marquis of Jin sent Shi Xie to Lu on a friendly mission. 10. Shusun Qiaoru joined Shi Xie of Jin, an officer of Qi, and an officer of Zhu, in invading Tan. 11. An officer came from Wey, with ladies of that State to accompany to her harem [the bride of the duke of Song.] | | 傳八年． | COMMENTARY | | 春．晉侯使韓穿來言汶陽之田．歸之于齊．季文子餞之．私焉．曰．大國制義．以為盟主．是以諸侯懷德畏討．無有貳心．謂汶陽之田．敝邑之舊也．而用師於齊．使歸諸敝邑．今有二命．曰．歸諸齊．信以行義．義以成命．小國所望而懷也．信不可知．義無所立．四方諸侯．其誰不解體．詩曰． | In spring, the marquis of Jin sent Han Chuan to Lu, to speak about the lands of Wenyang, which were [in consequence] restored to Qi. On this occasion, Ji Wenzi made a feast to Han Chuan on the way, as he was leaving, and then privately said to him, "Your great State, by its righteous decisions, maintains its claim to preside over covenants; and on this account the [other] States cherish its favours and dread its punishments, without any thought of disaffection. As to the lands of Wenyang, they were an old possession of our poor State, and after the expedition against Qi you caused it to restore them to us. Now you give a different command, requiring us to restore them to Qi. Good faith in the doing what is right, and righteousness in the carrying out its orders:—these are what the small States hope [from Jin], and for these they cherish it. But if your good faith is not to be seen, and your righteousness is not to be found, which of all the States will not separate from you? The ode (Shi, I.vi. ode IV.4) says, | | 女也不爽．士貳其行．士也罔極．二三其德．七年之中．一與一奪．二三孰甚焉．士之二三．猶喪妃耦．而況霸主．霸主將德是以而二三之．其何以長有諸侯乎．詩曰．猶之未遠．是用大簡．行父懼晉之不遠猶．而失諸侯也．是以敢私言之． | I am not different, But you are double in your ways. It is you, Sir, who observe not the perfect rule, Thus changeable in your conduct.' Here in the space of 7 years, you give us [Wenyang] and you take it away;—what greater changeableness could there be? The gentleman [in the ode], by his changeableness, lost [the affections of] his wife; what must not the prince who assumes to be the leader of the States lose? He is to employ the influence of virtue; but when he changes about, how can he long retain [the attachment of] the States? The ode (Shi, III.ii.ode X. 1) says, 'Your plans do not reach far, And therefore I strongly admonish you.' Apprehensive lest Jin, by the want of a far-reaching foresight, should lose the States, I have ventured privately thus to speak to you." | | 晉欒書侵蔡．遂侵楚．獲申驪．楚師之還也．晉侵沈．獲沈子揖．初從知范韓也．君子曰．從善如流．宜哉．詩曰． | Luan Shu of Jin made an incursion into Cai, and went on to an inroad into Chu, when he captured [the great officer], Shen Li. After the army of Chu withdrew [from Raojiao, in the 6th year], the troops of Jin made an incursion into Shen, and captured its viscount, Ji. This was through [Luan Shu's] continuing to take the advice of Zhi, Fan, and Han. The superior man will say, "He followed the wise and good, as on the course of a stream, and right it was [he should be so successful]." The ode (Shi, III.i. ode V.3) says, | | 愷悌君子．遐不作人．求善也夫．作人斯有功績矣．是行也．鄭伯將會晉師．門于許東門．大獲焉． | Our amiable, courteous prince Extensively used the [good] men.' [So did king Wen], seeking for the wise and good; and he who uses such is sure to accomplish much." During this expedition, the earl of Zheng was going to join the army of Jin, when he attacked the eastern gate of [the capital of] Xu, and got great spoil. | | 聲伯如莒．逆也． | Shengbo went to Ju, to meet his bride. | | 宋華元來聘．聘共姬也． | The object of Hua Yuan's visit to Lu was to arrange about a marriage between the eldest daughter of duke Xuan and the duke of Song | | 夏．宋公使公孫壽來納幣．禮也． | In summer, the duke of Song sent Gongsun Shou to Lu, to present his marriage-offerings. This proceeding was according to rule. | | 晉趙莊姬為趙嬰之亡故．譖之于晉侯．曰．原屏將為亂．欒郤為徵．六月．晉討趙同．趙括．武從姬氏畜于公宮．以其田與祁奚．韓厥言於晉侯曰．成季之勳．宣孟之忠．而無後．為善者其懼矣．三代之令王．皆數百年保天之祿．夫豈無辟王．賴前哲以免也．周書曰．不敢侮鰥寡．所以明德也．乃立武而反其田焉． | Zhao Zhuangji of Jin, because of the banishment of Zhao Ying slandered [his brothers] to the marquis of Jin, saying, "[The lords of] Yuan and Ping are intending to raise rebellion, and [the chiefs of] the Luan and Xi [clans] can attest the fact." In the sixth month, [therefore], Jin put to death Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo. Wu [the son of Zhao Shuo] was brought up by [his mother Zhuang], the lady Ji, in the ducal palace [and so escaped]; but the marquis gave the lands [of the Zhao family] to Qi Xi. Han Jue represented to him, saying, "Thus, notwithstanding the services of Chengji [Zhao Cui] and the loyalty of Xuanmeng [Zhao Dun], they are left without any posterity;—this is enough to make good servants of the State afraid. The good kings of the three dynasties preserved for several hundred years the dignity conferred by Heaven;—there were bad kings among them, but through the wisdom and virtue of their predecessors, they escaped [the extinction of their sacrifices]. In one of the Books of Zhou (Shu, V.ix.4) it is said, "He did not dare to show any contempt to the widower and widows;—it was thus that [king Wen] displayed his virtue." On this [the marquis] appointed, Wu [the representative of the Zhao family], and restored to him its lands. | | 秋．召桓公來賜公命． | In autumn, duke Huan of Shao came to confer on the duke the symbol [of investiture]. | | 晉侯使申公巫臣如吳．假道于莒．與渠丘公立於池上．曰．城已惡．莒子曰．辟陋在夷．其孰以我為虞．對曰．夫狡焉思啟封疆．以利社稷者．何國蔑有．唯然．故多大國矣．唯或思或縱也．勇夫重閉．況國乎． | The marquis of Jin sent Wuchen, duke of Shen, on a mission to Wu. Having asked leave to pass through Ju, he was standing with duke Quqiu above the city-moat, and said to him, "The wall is in a bad condition." The viscount of Ju replied, "Ju is a poor State, lying among the wild tribes of the east; who will think of taking any measures against me?" Wuchen said, "Crafty men there are who think of enlarging its boundaries for the advantage of the altars of their State;—what State is there which has not such men? It is thus that there are so many large States. Some think [there may be such dangers]; some let things take their course. But a brave man keeps the leaves of his door shut;—how much more should a State do so! | | 冬．杞叔姬卒．來歸自杞．故書． | In winter, Qi Shuji died, the record of her death was made, because she had come back from Qi. | | 晉士燮來聘．言伐郯也．以其事吳故．公賂之．請緩師．文子不可．曰．君命無貳．失信不立．禮無加貨．事無二成．君後諸侯．是寡君不得事君也．燮將復之．季孫懼．使宣伯帥師會伐郯． | On this occasion, Shi Xie spoke about [Lu's] invading Tan, because it was rendering service to Wu. The duke offered him bribes, and begged that the expedition might be delayed. Wenzi [Shi Xie], however, refused, saying, "My ruler's command admits of no alteration. If I fail in my faith, I cannot stand [in Jin]. Gifts cannot be admitted among the ceremonies due to me. The business cannot be done to please both my ruler and you. If your lordship come after the other princes, my ruler will not be able to serve you [any more]." Xie was about to return with the duke's request to Jin, when Jisun became afraid, and sent Xuanbo with a force to join in the invasion of Tan. | | 衛人來媵．共姬．禮也．凡諸侯嫁女．同姓媵之．異姓則否． | An officer came from Wei, with ladies of that State to accompany Gongji to her harem [the bride of the duke of Song.], such attendant ladies must be of the same surname as the bride, and not of a different surname, was broken down, we shall see, in her case. |
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