| 經十有七年．
- 春．衛北宮括帥師侵鄭．
- 夏．公會尹子．單子．晉侯．齊侯．宋公．衛侯．曹伯．邾人．伐鄭．
- 六月．乙酉．同盟于柯陵．
- 秋．公至自會．
- 齊高無咎出奔莒．
- 九月．辛丑．用郊．
- 晉侯使荀罃來乞師．
- 冬．公會單子．晉侯．宋公．衛侯．曹伯．齊人．邾人．伐鄭．
- 十有一月．公至自伐鄭．
- 壬申．公孫嬰卒于貍脤．
- 十有二月丁已朔．日有食之．
- 邾子貜且卒．
- 晉殺其大夫郤錡．郤犨．郤至．
- 楚人滅舒庸．
| XVII. Seventeenth year.1. In the [duke's] seventeenth year, Beigong Kuo of Wey led a force, and made an incursion into Zheng. 2. In summer, the duke joined the viscount of Yin, the viscount of Shan, the marquis of Jin, the marquis of Qi, the duke of Song, the marquis of Wey, the earl of Cao, and an officer of Zhu, in invading Zheng. 3. In the sixth month, on Yiyou, they made a covenant together in Keling. 4. In autumn, the duke arrived from his meeting [with the other princes]. 5. Gao Wujiu of Qi fled to Ju. 6. In the ninth month, on Xinchou, we offered the border sacrifice. 7. The marquis of Jin sent Xun Ying to Lu to ask the assistance of an army. 8. In winter, the duke joined the viscount of Shan, the marquis of Jin, the duke of Song, the marquis of Wey, the earl of Cao, an officer of Qi, and an officer of Zhu, in invading Zheng. 9. In the eleventh month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Zheng. 10. On Renshen, Gongsun Yingqi died in Lishen. 11. In the twelfth month, on Dingsi, the sun was eclipsed. 12. Jueju, viscount of Zhu, died. 13. Jin put to death its great officers, Xi Qi, Xi Chou, and Xi Zhi. 14. The people of Chu extinguished Shuyong.
| | 傳十七年． | COMMENTARY | | 春．王正月．鄭子駟侵晉虛滑．衛北宮括救晉侵鄭．至于高氏． | This year, in spring, in the king's 1st month, Zisi of Zheng made an incursion into [the districts of] Xu and Hua in Jin, when Beigong Kuo of Wey, to relieve Jin, made an incursion into Zheng, as far as Gaoshi. | | 夏．五月．鄭大子髡頑．侯獳．為質於楚．楚公子成．公子寅．戍鄭．公會尹武公．單襄公．及諸侯伐鄭．自戲童至于曲洧． | In summer, in the 5th month, Kunwan, the eldest son of the earl of Zheng, and Hou Nou, became hostages in Chu, and the two Gongzis of Chu, Cheng and Yin, came to guard the territory of Zheng. The duke joined duke Wu of Yin, duke Xiang of Shan, and [the forces of] other States, in invading Zheng, from Xitong to Quwei. | | 晉范文子反自鄢陵．使其祝宗祈死曰．君驕侈而克敵．是天益其疾也．難將作矣．愛我者唯祝我使我速死．無及於難．范氏之福也．六月．戊辰．士燮卒． | When Fan Wenzi returned from Yanling, he made the priest of his ancestral temple pray that he might die, saying, "Our ruler is haughty and extravagant, and, by this victory over his enemies, Heaven is increasing his disease. Troubles will soon arise. Let him that loves me curse me, so that I may soon die, and not see those troubles;—that will be my happiness.' In the 6th month, on Wuchen, Shi Xie [Wenzi] died.' | | 乙酉．同盟于柯陵．尋戚之盟也． | On Yiyou, they made a covenant together in Keling. The object of the covenant was to renew that of Qi in the past year. | | 楚子重救鄭師于首止．諸侯還． | 'Zichong of Chu relieved Zheng, and took post with his army at Shouzhi, on which [the armies of] the States returned.' | | 齊慶克通于聲孟子．與婦人蒙衣乘輦．而入于閎．鮑牽見之．以告國武子．武子召慶克而謂之．慶克久不出．而告夫人曰．國子謫我．夫人怒．國子相靈公以會．高．鮑處守．及還．將至．閉門而索客．孟子訴之曰．高鮑將不納君而立公子角．國子知之．秋．七月．壬寅．刖鮑牽．而逐高無咎．無咎奔莒．高弱以盧叛．齊人來召鮑國而立之． | 'Qing Ke of Qi had an intrigue with Sheng Mengzi [See the 1st Zhuan after p. 14 of last year], and was carried through a street leading to the palace in a carriage along with a woman, himself disguised as a woman. Bao Qian [A great-grandson of Bao Shuya of duke Huan's time] saw him, and told Guo Wuzi [Guo Zuo], who sent for Ke, and spoke to him. Ke [in consequence] for a long time kept in his house, but he informed the duchess that Guozi had been reproving him, which enraged her. When duke Ling went to join [the other princes], Guozi attended him, while Gao and Bao remained in charge of the capital. When he was returning, before his arrival, these officers kept the gates of the city shut, and made inquisition for strangers [who might attempt to enter]. On this Mengzi accused them, saying that they had meant not to admit the duke, but to appoint duke Qing's son, Jiao, in his room, and that Guozi was privy to their design. In autumn, in the 7th month, on Renyin, [duke Ling] caused Bao Qian's feet to be cut off, and drove out Gao Wujiu, who fled to Ju. [His son], Gao Ruo held [their city of] Lu against the State; and the people of Qi called Bao Guo [Qian's brother] from Lu, and appointed him the Head of his family. | | 初．鮑國去鮑氏而來．為施孝叔臣．施氏卜宰．匡句須吉．施氏之宰．有百室之邑與匡句須邑．使為宰以讓鮑國而致邑焉．施孝叔曰．子實吉．對曰．能與忠良．吉孰大焉．鮑國相施氏忠．故齊人取以為鮑氏．後仲尼曰．鮑莊子之知不如葵．葵猶能衛其足． | 'Before this, Bao Guo had left the Bao family in Qi, and come to Lu, where he became a servant to Shi Xiaoshu [See the Zhuan on XI. 2]. Shi was consulting the tortoise-shell about a steward, and Kuang Juxu was indicated for the appointment. Now the steward of the Shi family had a town of 100 houses, which was assigned to Kuang Juxu. He, however, declined the appointment in favour of Bao Guo, and gave the town up to him. Shi Xiaoshu said, "The divination gave a favourable response for you." Kuang replied, "And what could be a greater proof of its being favourable than my giving the office to a faithful, good man?" Bao Guo served the Shi family faithfully, and therefore the people of Qi now chose him to be the representative of the Bao family. Zhongni said, "The wisdom of Bao Zhuangzi (Bao Qian) was not equal to that of a sunflower. Though but a flower, it is able to protect its roots!'.—This certainly is not like one of Confucius' remarks; and the critics unanimously agree in protesting against the ascription of it to him. | | 冬．諸侯伐鄭．十月．庚午．圍鄭．楚公子申救鄭．師于汝上．十一月．諸侯還． | In winter, the States invaded Zheng; and in the 10th month, on Gengwu, they laid siege to its capital. Gongzi Shen of Chu came to its relief, and took post, with his army, on the Ru, on which [the forces of] the States withdrew. | | 初．聲伯夢涉洹．或與己瓊瑰食之．泣而為瓊瑰．盈其懷．從而歌之曰． | 'Before this, Shengbo (the Gongsun Yingqi) dreamt that he was crossing the Huan, when some one gave him a qiong gem and a fine pearl, which he ate. He then fell a-crying, and his tears turned to qiong gems and fine pearls, till his breast was filled with them. After this he sang:— | | 濟洹之水．贈我以瓊瑰．歸乎歸乎．瓊瑰盈吾懷乎．懼不敢占也．還自鄭．壬申．至于貍脤而占之．曰．余恐死．故不敢占也．今眾繁而從余三年矣．無傷也．言之之莫而卒． | "Crossing the waters of the Huan, They gave me a pearl and a gem. Home let me go! Home let me go! My breast with pearls and gems is full." [When he awoke], he was afraid and did not venture to have the dream interpreted. Returning [now] from Zheng, on Renshen he arrived at Lishen, and had the dream interpreted, saying, "I was afraid it indicated my death, and did not venture to have it interpreted. Now the multitude with me is great, and the dream has followed me three years. It cannot hurt me to tell it." He did so; and in the evening of that day he died.' | | 齊侯使崔杼為大夫．使慶克佐之．帥師圍盧．國佐從諸侯圍鄭．以難請而歸．遂如盧師．殺慶克以穀叛．齊侯與之盟于徐關而復之．十二月．盧降．使國勝告難于晉．待命于清． | The marquis of Qi sent Cui Shu [See the Zhuan on VII. x. 5.] as great officer in command, with Qing Ke under him, to lead a force and besiege Lu. Guo Zuo was then with the States at the siege of the capital of Zheng, but leave was asked and obtained for him to return to Qi, on account of the difficulties of the State. He then went to the army at Lu, and put Qng Ke to death, revolting also from the marquis in [his own city of] Gu. The marquis made a covenant with him at Xuguan, and restored him. In the 12th month, Lu surrendered, and the marquis sent Guo [Zuo's son] Sheng to inform Jin of the troubles, having charged him to wait [for his further] orders in Qing.' | | 晉厲公侈．多外嬖．反自鄢陵．欲盡去群大夫而立其左右．胥童以胥克之廢也．怨郤氏．而嬖於厲公．郤錡奪夷陽五田．五亦嬖於厲公．郤犨與長魚矯爭田．執而梏之．與其父母妻子同一轅．既矯．亦嬖於厲公． | Duke Li of Jin was extravagant, and had many favourites besides the ladies of his harem. When he returned from Yanling, he wished to put out of their situations all the great officers, and to appoint in their room the individuals who were always about him. One of his favourites was Xu Tong, who cherished resentment against the Xi family, because of the dismissal from office of [his father] Xu Ke [See the Zhuan after VII. viii. 8]. Another of them was Yiyang Wu, from whom Xi Qi had taken away some fields. A third was Jiao of Changyu. with whom, at a former time, Xi Chou had had a quarrel about some fields; and Chou had also seized and handcuffed him, and bound him with his parents, wife, and children to one of the thills of a carriage. | | 欒書怨郤至．以其不從己而敗楚師也．欲廢之．使楚公子茷告公曰．此戰也．郤至實召寡君．以東師之未至也．與軍帥之不具也．曰此必敗．吾因奉孫周以事君．公告欒書．書曰．其有焉．不然．豈其死之不恤．而受敵使乎．君盍嘗使諸周而察之．郤至聘于周．欒書使孫周見之．公使覘之信．遂怨郤至． | [These three were all enemies of the Xis, and] Luan Shu also resented the conduct of Xi Zhi, who had opposed him, thereby leading to the defeat of the army of Chu [When Luan Shu wished that the army of Jin should keep within its entrenchments, Zhi insisted that they should go forth and fight which brought on the battle of Yanling.] He wanted to procure Zhi's dismissal from office, and got Fa, the son of the viscount of Chu [who had been taken prisoner], to inform the duke, saying, "My ruler was really called to that battle [of Yanling] by Xi Zhi, on the ground that the eastern armies had not arrived, and that the commanders of your own difft. armies were not all there. He said, "We are sure to be defeated, and I will then raise Sunzhou [A great-grandson of duke Xiang of Jin] to the rule of Jin, and serve you?" The duke told this to Luan Shu, who said, "It is the truth. If it were not so, how should he have been so regardless of death [in the battle], and have received a message from the enemy? Why should not your lordship try the thing by sending him on a mission to Zhou, and examining his conduct there?" [Accordingly], Xi Zhi went on a friendly mission to Zhou, where Luan Shu had sent word to Sunzhou to see him. This was spied out by an agent of the duke, who concluded that the whole charge against him was true, and cherished resentment against Xi Zhi. | | 厲公田．與婦人先殺而飲酒．後使大夫殺．郤至奉豕．寺人孟張奪之．郤至．射而殺之．公曰．季子欺余． | 'When the duke was hunting, he would let his women shoot and drink first, and then make the great officers come after them. [Once], Xi Zhi was bringing [to the duke] a boar [which he had shot], when Mengzhang, the chief of the ennuchs, snatched it away, and was shot to death by Xi Zhi in consequence, [irritating] the duke, [who] said, "Jizi despises me." | | 厲公將作難．胥童曰．必先三郤．族大多怨．去大族不偪．敵多怨有庸．公曰．然．郤氏聞之．郤錡欲攻公．曰雖死．君必危．郤至曰．人所以立．信知勇也．信不叛君．知不害民．勇不作亂．失茲三者．其誰與我．死而多怨．將安用之．君實有臣而殺之．其謂君何．我之有罪．吾死後矣．若殺不辜．將失其民．欲安得乎．待命而已．受君之祿．是以聚黨．有黨而爭命．罪孰大焉． | 'When duke Li wanted to take action against [the great officers], Xu Tong said to him, "You must begin with the three Xi. Their clan is large, but they have many enemies. Removing so large a clan will relieve you of pressure, and your action will be easy against those who have so many enemies." The duke approved of this plan. The Xi heard of it, and Qi proposed to attack the duke, saying, "Though we may die, he will be put in peril." Xi Zhi, however, said, "The things which set a man up are fidelity, wisdom, and valour. A faithful man will not revolt against his ruler; a wise man will not injure the people; a valiant man will not raise disorder. If we lose those three qualities, who will be with us? If by our death we increase the number of our enemies, of what use will it be? When a ruler puts a minister to death, what can the latter say to him? If we are really guilty, our death comes late; if he put us to death, being innocent, he will lose the people, and have no repose afterwards, however much he may wish it. Let us simply wait our fate. We have received emoluments from our ruler, and by means of them have collected a party; but what offence could be greater than if with that party we should strive against his order [for our death]? | | 壬午．胥童．夷羊五．帥甲八百．將攻郤氏．長魚矯請無用眾．公使清沸魋助之．抽戈結衽而偽訟者．三郤將謀於榭．矯以戈殺駒伯．苦成叔於其位．溫季曰．逃威也．遂趨．矯及諸其車．以戈殺之．皆尸諸朝．胥童以甲劫欒書中行偃於朝．矯曰．不殺二子．憂必及君．公曰．一朝而尸三卿．余不忍益也．對曰．人將忍君．臣聞亂在外為姦．在內為軌．御姦以德．御軌以刑．不施而殺．不可謂德．臣偪而不討．不可謂刑．德刑不立．姦軌並至．臣請行．遂出奔狄． | 'On Renwu, Xu Tong and Yiyang Wu wished to lead eight hundred men-at-arms to attack the Xi; but Jiao of Changyu begged leave [to attempt their death] without using many followers, and the marquis sent Qing Feitui with him to help him. Taking their spears and tucking up their skirts, they pretended to have some dispute together, [and went on to where the three Xi were]. These had planned to take counsel together in the archery hall, and there Jiao with his spear killed Jubo (Xi Qi) and Chengshu of Ku (Xi Chou), where they were sitting. Ji of Wen said, "Let me flee from the danger," and ran off. Jiao, however, overtook his carriage, killed him with his spear, took his body and those of the two others, and exposed them in the court. In the meantime Xu Tong with the men-at-arms seized Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan (Xun Xianzi) in the court, and Jiao asked that they might be put to death, or sorrow would come to the marquis. The marquis, however, said. " I have exposed the corpses of three ministers in one morning, and I cannot bear to add more to them." Jiao replied, "They will bear to deal with you. I have heard that disorder occasioned by another State is hostility, while that which takes its origin within the State is treason. Hostility is to be met with virtue; treason with punishment. When you put [your enemy] to death without showing [any leniency], it cannot be said there is virtue in such a course; when your ministers exercise a pressure on you, and you do not cut them off, it cannot be said that there is punishment. There being neither virtue nor punishment, hostility and treason will come together. I beg to be allowed to leave the State." Accordingly he fled to the Di. | | 公使辭於二子曰．寡人有討於郤氏．郤氏既伏其辜矣．大夫無辱．其復職位．皆再拜稽首曰．君討有罪而免臣於死．君之惠也．二臣雖死．敢忘君德．乃皆歸． | 'The duke then sent to the two officers that they were at liberty to go, saying, "I have punished the Xi, and they have suffered for their guilt. No disgrace is intended you. Resume your offices and places." The two bowed twice with their heads to the ground, and replied, "Your lordship has punished the guilty; and that you have further granted us an escape from death,—this is your kindness. Till death we shall not forget it." They then went to their homes. | | 公使胥童為卿．公遊于匠麗氏．欒書．中行偃．遂執公焉．召士匄．士匄辭．召韓厥．韓厥辭．曰．昔吾畜於趙氏．孟姬之讒．吾能違兵．古人有言曰．殺老牛莫之敢尸．而況君乎．二三子不能事君．焉用厥也． | 'The duke made Xu Tong a high minister; and [not long after], he was rambling and enjoying himself in the neighbourhood of the family of Jiangli, when Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan seized and kept him prisoner. They called Shi Gai to join them, but he refused. They called Han Jue, but he also refused, saying, "Formerly I was brought up in the Zhao family; and during the slanders of Meng Ji [See the Zhuan on VIII.6], I declined to use my sword. There is a saying of the ancients, that "no one likes to preside at the slaying of an old ox;" how much less would one do so at the slaying of a ruler! You, gentlemen, are not able to serve our ruler; what use could you make of me?'" | | 舒庸人以楚師之敗也．道吳人圍巢．伐駕．圍釐虺．遂恃吳而不設備．楚公子橐師襲舒庸．滅之． | The people of Shuyong, in consequence of the defeat of the army of Chu [at Yanling], led the people of Wu to besiege Chao, to attack Jia, and to besiege Li and Hui. Trusting in Wu, they made no preparations against Chu, and the Gongzi Tuoshi surprised their city, and extinguished their State. | | 閏月．乙卯．晦．欒書．中行偃殺胥童．民不與郤氏．胥童道君為亂．故皆書曰．晉殺其大夫． | 'In the intercalary month, on Yimao, the last day of it, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan put to death Xu Tong. The people were not for the [three Xi], and Xu Tong had led on his ruler to commit disorder; and the text therefore says in both cases that "Jin put its great officers to death." |
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