經十有八年．- 春．王正月．晉殺其大夫胥童．
- 庚申．晉弒其君州蒲．
- 齊殺其大夫國佐．
- 公如晉．
- 夏．楚子．鄭伯．伐宋．宋魚石復入于彭城．
- 公至自晉．
- 晉侯使士匄來聘．
- 秋．杞伯來朝．
- 八月．邾子來朝．
- 築鹿囿．
- 己丑．公薨于路寢．
- 冬．楚人鄭人侵宋．
- 晉侯使士魴來乞師．
- 十有二月．仲孫蔑會晉侯．宋公．衛侯．邾子．齊崔杼．同盟于虛朾．
- 丁未．葬我君成公．
| XVIII. Eighteenth year. 1. In the duke's [eighteenth] year, in spring, in the king's first month, Jin put to death its great officer, Xu Tong. 2. On Gengshen, Jin murdered its ruler, Zhoupu. 3. Qi put to death its great officer, Guo Zuo. 4. The duke went to Jin. 5. In summer, the viscount of Chu and the earl of Zheng invaded Song; [when] Yu Shi of Song again entered Pengcheng. 6. The duke arrived from Jin. 7. The marquis of Jin sent Shi Gai to Lu on a mission of friendly enquiries. 8. In autumn, the earl of Qi paid a court-visit to Lu. 9. In the eighth month, the viscount of Zhu paid a court-visit to Lu. 10. We enclosed the deer park. 11. On Jichou, the duke died in the state-chamber. 12. In winter, a body of men from Chu and one from Zheng made an incursion into Song. 13. The marquis of Jin sent Shi Fang to ask the help of an army. 14. In winter, in the twelfth month, Zhongsun Mie had a meeting with the marquis of Jin, the duke of Song, the marquis of Wey, the viscount of Zhu, and Cui Shu of Qi, when they made a covenant together in Xucheng. 15. On Dingwei, we buried our ruler, duke Cheng.
| | 傳十八年． | COMMENTARY | | 春．王正月．庚申．晉欒書．中行偃．使程滑弒厲公．葬之于翼東門之外．以車一乘．使荀罃．士魴．逆周子于京師而立之．生十四年矣．大夫逆于清原．周子曰．孤始願不及此．雖及此．豈非天乎．抑人之求君．使出命也．立而不從將安用君．二三子用我今日．否亦今日．共而從君．神之所福也．對曰．群臣之願也．敢不唯命是聽．庚午．盟而入．館于伯子同氏．辛巳．朝于武宮．逐不臣者七人． | 'This spring, in the 1st month, on Gengshen, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan made Cheng Hua murder duke Li, whom they buried outside the east gate of Yi, with a single carriage in attendance. They then sent Xun Ying and Shi Fang to the capital to meet Zhouzi, and declared him duke Li's successor. Zhouzi was [only] 14 years old; but when the great officers met him in Qingyuan, he said, "At first, I had no wish to arrive at this estate; and [now], though I have arrived at it, is it not to be ascribed to Heaven? When men seek a ruler, it is to have one who shall give out his orders. If, when they have called him to the head of the State, they do not follow his orders, what use have they for him? If you mean to obey me, say so today; if not, say so today. If you will reverently follow your ruler, then the Spirits will bless us." They replied, "It is your servants' desire. We dare not but hearken to your commands." He then made a covenant with them on Gengwu, and entered [the capital], lodging in the house of Bo Zitong. On Xinsi he presented himself in the temple of [duke] Wu, and banished seven men, who were unworthy to be ministers. | | 周子有兄而無慧．不能辨菽麥．故不可立． | Zhouzi had a brother who was devoid of intelligence, so that he could not distinguish beans from wheat, and consequently could not be made marquis.' | | 齊為慶氏之難故．甲申晦．齊侯使士華免以戈殺國佐于內宮之朝．師逃于夫人之宮．書曰．齊殺其大夫國佐．棄命專殺．以穀叛故也．使清人殺國勝．國弱來奔．王湫奔萊．慶封為大夫．慶佐為司寇．既．齊侯反國弱．使嗣國氏．禮也． | Because of the troubles about Qing [Ke] in Qi, on Jiashen, the last day of the moon, the marquis of Qi made the judge Hua Mian kill Guo Zuo with a spear, at an audience which he gave him in the inner palace, there being soldiers concealed in the palace of the marchioness. The language of the text, "Qi put to death its great officer Guo Zuo," is because he had paid no respect to his ruler's charge, and had taken it on himself to kill [Qing Ke], and had held Gu in rebellion. [At the same time], the marquis made the people of Qing kill Guo Sheng. Guo Ruo [A younger brother of Sheng] then fled to Lu, and Wang Jiao to Lai. Qing Feng was made a great officer, and Qing Zuo minister of Crime [Both these were sons of Ke]. After this the marquis recalled Guo Ruo, and appointed him heir and representative of the Guo family;—which was according to rule. | | 二月．乙酉朔．晉侯悼公即位于朝．始命百官．施舍己責．逮鰥寡．振廢滯．匡乏困．救災患．禁淫慝．薄賦斂．宥罪戾．節器用．時用民．欲無犯．時使魏相．士魴．魏頡．趙武為卿．荀家．荀會．欒黶．韓無忌為公族大夫．使訓卿之子弟．共儉孝弟．使士渥濁為大傅．使脩范武子之法．右行辛為司空．使脩士蒍之法．弁糾御戎．校正屬焉．使訓諸御知義．荀賓為右．司士屬焉．使訓勇力之士．時使卿無共御．立軍尉以攝之．祁奚為中軍尉．羊舌職佐之．魏絳為司馬．張老為候奄．鐸遏寇為上軍尉．籍偃為之司馬．使訓卒乘．親以聽命．程鄭為乘馬御．六騶屬焉．使訓群騶知禮．凡六官之長．皆民譽也．舉不失職．官不易方．爵不踰德．師不陵正．旅不偪師．民無謗言．所以復霸也． | In the 2d month, on Yiyou, on the 1st day of the moon, duke Dao [Sunzhou] of Jin took the place of Li in the court, and for the first time gave their charges to the various officers. He bestowed [favours], remitted [burdensome requirements], and forgave debts due to the govt.]; he extended his kindness to the solitary and to widows; he redressed the cause of officers who had been dismissed from employment, and of those who had been kept back; he delivered the needy and distressed; he relieved the sufferers from calamity and misfortune; he laid prohibitions on dissoluteness and wickedness; he lightened taxes; he dealt gently with offenders; he employed the people at the proper times, endeavouring not to interfere with the seasons. He appointed Wei Xiang, Shi Fang, Wei Jie, and Zhao Wu, to be high ministers; Xun Jia, Xun Hui, Luan Yan, and Han Wuji, to be great officers over the different branches of the ducal kindred, requiring them to teach the sons and younger brothers of the ministers the duties of reverence, economy, filial piety, and fraternal submission. He appointed Shi Wozhuo [Shi Zhenzi] to be grandmaster, requiring him to revise and revive the laws of Fan Wuzi; and Youhang Xin to be minister of Works, requiring him to revise and revive the laws of Shi Wei. Jiu of Bian was principal charioteer, with all the head grooms under him, and was required to instruct all the charioteers in the principles of righteousness. Xun Bin was principal spearman on the right, with all the other spearmen under him, and was required to instruct those strong men-at-arms in the service at any time required of them. Ministers [Being generals] were not allowed a special charioteer, his duty being discharged by one of the ordinary officers. Qi Xi was tranquillizer of the army of the centre, with Yangshe Zhi under him; Wei Jiang was marshal, and Zhang Lao was scout-master. Duo Ekou was tranquillizer of the 1st army, with Ji Yan as marshal, and was required to teach the soldiers and chariot-men to aid one another in obeying the commands which they received. Cheng Zheng was chief equerry. with the grooms of the six studs under him. whom he was required to instruct in the rules of propriety. The chiefs of all the six official departments were the objects of the people's praise. Not one was unequal to the office to which he was raised; no one interfered with the duties of another's department. Their dignities did not surpass their virtues. The assistant-commanders did not trench on the authority of the generals, nor did their subordinates press upon them. No word of dissatisfaction or reviling was heard among the people, and thus the place of Jin as the leader of the other States was restored. | | 公如晉．朝嗣君也． | 'The duke went to Jin, to appear at the court of the new ruler' | | 夏．六月．鄭伯侵宋．及曹門外．遂會楚子伐宋．取朝郟．楚子辛．鄭皇辰．侵城郜．取幽丘．同伐彭城．納宋魚石．向為人．鱗朱．向帶．魚府焉．以三百乘戍之而還．書曰復入．凡去其國．國逆而立之曰入．復其位曰復歸．諸侯納之曰歸．以惡曰復入． | In summer, in the 9th month, the earl of Zheng made an incursion into Song, and proceeded as far as the outside of the Cao gate. He then joined the viscount of Chu who was invading Song, and they took Zhaojia. Zixin of Chu and Huang Chen of Zheng made an incursion to Chenggao, and took Youqiu. They then joined in attacking Pengcheng. in which they placed Yu Shi, Xiang Weiren, Lin Zhu. Xiang Dai. and Yu Fu [See the Zhuan on XV., pp. 8.9.], left 300 chariots to guard the country, and returned. The text says that [Yu Shi] "again entered" [Pengcheng]. Now, in the case of parties who have left their State, when the State sends and meets them [to bring them back], they are said "to enter it." When they have the places which they formerly held restored to them, they are said "to be restored again." When they are re-instated by the prince of another State, they are said "to be restored." When their restoration is effected by violence, they are said "to enter again." | | 宋人患之．西鉏吾曰．何也．若楚人與吾同惡．以德於我．吾固事之也．不敢貳矣．大國無厭．鄙我猶憾．不然．而收吾憎．使贊其政．以間吾釁．亦吾患也．今將崇諸侯之姦．而披其地．以塞夷庚．逞姦而攜服．毒諸侯而懼吳晉．吾庸多矣．非吾憂也．且事晉何為．晉必恤之． | The people of Song were afflicted by these proceedings, but Xi Chuwu said, "Why be afflicted? If the people of Chu had regarded those wicked men as we do, [and dealt with them] so as to do us a favour, then we should have served Chu without daring to waver in our adherence. Then that great State, in its insatiable ambition would have treated us as a border of its own, and still been angry [that our State was not larger]. This would have been a cause [for affliction]. Or if in another way it had received those objects of our detestation, and made them help it in its measures, so as to spy out the opportunities which we might afford it [to attack us], this also would have been an affliction. But now, Chu has exalted these traitors to their prince, and apportioned to them a part of our territory, so as to stop the plain route [of communication between Jin and Wu];—it has satisfied the traitors' wishes, and will thereby separate from itself its own adherents; it has poisoned the States against itself, and filled with apprehension Wu and Jin. Our course becomes much easier. This should be no sorrow to us. And for what have we served Jin? It will be sure to pity us.'" | | 公至自晉．晉范宣子來聘．且拜朝也．君子謂晉於是乎有禮． | 'When the duke arrived from Jin, Fan Xuanzi (Shi Gai) came to Lu with friendly inquiries, and to acknowledge the duke's visit to the court of Jin. The superior man will say that in this Jin behaved with propriety.' | | 秋．杞桓公來朝．勞公．且問晉故．公以晉君語之．杞伯於是驟朝于晉．而請為昏． | 'The earl of Qi now came to congratulate the duke on the accomplishment of his journey, and to ask about Jin. The duke in consequence told him all about the [new] marquis. The earl on this went off quickly on a court visit to Jin, and begged an alliance of marriage with it. | | 七月．宋老佐．華喜．圍彭城．老佐卒焉． | In the 7th month, Lao Zuo of Song and Hua Xi laid siege to Pengcheng, when the former died. | | 八月．邾宣公來朝．即位而來見也． | In the eighth month, the viscount of Zhu paid a court-visit to Lu. This visit was on occasion of his succeeding to the State, to have an interview with duke Cheng. | | 築鹿囿．書不時也． | We enclosed the deer park. This entry is made because of the unseasonableness of the proceeding. | | 己丑．公薨于路寢．言道也． | On Jichou, the duke died in the state-chamber. The record shows that he died where he should have done. | | 冬．十一月．楚子重救彭城伐宋．宋華元如晉告急．韓獻子為政．曰．欲求得人．必先勤之．成霸安彊．自宋始矣．晉侯師于台谷以救宋．遇楚師于靡角之谷．楚師還． | 'In the 11th month, Zichong of Chu came to relieve Pengcheng, and invaded Song. Hua Yuan of Song went to Jin to report the urgency of their distress. Han Xianzi was then Jin's chief minister, and said, "If we wish to win men, we must first be earnest in their behalf. To establish our leadership, and secure our strength, we must begin with Song." The marquis of Jin then took post with an army at Taigu, to relieve Song, and [his generals] met with the army of Chu in the valley of Mijiao. It withdrew before them.' | | 晉士魴來乞師．季文子問師數於臧武仲．對曰．伐鄭之役．知伯實來．下軍之佐也．今彘季亦佐下軍．如伐鄭可也．事大國無失班爵．而加敬焉．禮也．從之． | When Shi Fang asked for the help of an army, Ji Wenzi asked Zang Wuzhong what should be its numbers. Zang replied, "In the expedition against Zheng, Zhibo [Xun Ying] came to us, the assistant-commander of the 3d army. Now Zhi Ji [Shi Fang, a son of Shi Hui] is in the same position. Send the same number of troops which we did to the invasion of Zheng. In serving a great State, we must not fail to observe the rank and titles of its envoys, and to be very respectful." Ji Wenzi followed this counsel. | | 十二月．孟獻子會于虛朾．謀救宋也．宋人辭諸侯．而請師以圍彭城．孟獻子請于諸侯而先歸會葬． | In the 12th month, Meng Xianzi [Mie] joined [the other commanders] in Xucheng, to consult about the relief of Song. The people of Song declined the presence of the princes, and begged the service of their armies to besiege Pengcheng. Meng Xianzi asked leave of the princes, and returned to Lu, to be present at the duke's burial." | | 丁未．葬我君成公．書順也． | 'This entry intimates that everything [about the death, burial, and succession] was natural and proper.' |
|