Pengya. Battle of (or P'eng-ya) battle in 624 BC in which the Chinese State Of Jin defeated Duke Mu Of Qin. Qin invaded Jin and captured several towns including Pengya. Jin leader Marquis Xiang sent military commander Xian Chuju to recover them. He defeated the Qin forces completely with a fierce chariot charge. Jin recovered most of the towns, Including Pengya. 

二月．晉侯禦之．先且居將中軍．趙衰佐之．王官無地御戎．狐鞫居為右．甲子．及秦師戰于彭衙．秦師敗績．晉人謂秦拜賜之師．

戰于殽也．晉梁弘御戎．萊駒為右．戰之明日．晉襄公縛秦囚．使萊駒以戈斬之．囚呼．萊駒失戈．狼瞫取戈以斬囚．禽之以從公乘．遂以為右．

箕之役．先軫黜之．而立續簡伯．狼瞫怒．其友曰．盍死之．瞫曰．吾未獲死所．其友曰．吾與女為難．瞫曰．周志有之．勇則害上．不登於明堂．死而不義．非勇也．共用之謂勇．吾以勇求右．無勇而黜．亦其所也．謂上不我知．黜而宜．乃知我矣．子姑待之．

及彭衙既陳．以其屬馳秦師．死焉．晉師從之．大敗秦師．君子謂狼瞫於是乎君子．詩曰．君子如怒．亂庶遄沮．又曰．王赫斯怒．爰整其旅．怒不作亂．而以從師．可謂君子矣．

秦伯猶用孟明．孟明增脩國政．重施於民．趙成子言於諸大夫曰．秦師又至．將必辟之．懼而增德．不可當也．詩曰．毋念爾祖．聿脩厥德．孟明念之矣．念德不怠．其可敵乎．

In the 2d year, in spring, Mengming Shi of Qin led an army against Jin, to repay his defeat at Yao. In the 2d month, the marquis of Jin went to meet him, Xian Qieju commanding the army of the centre, with Zhao Cui as his assistant. Wudi of Wangguan acted as charioteer, and Hu Juju was spearman on the right. On Jiazi they fought in Pengya, when the army of Qin received a severe defeat, the men of Jin calling it the army with which Qin acknowledged their marquis's gift [See Mengming's language at the end of the Zhuan on p. 3 of the 33d year of duke Xi]. 

At the battle of Yao, Liang Hong had been charioteer, and Lai Ju the spearman on the right. On the day after it, duke Xiang had one of the prisoners bound, and ordered Lai Ju to kill him with a spear. The prisoner gave a shout, and Ju dropt the spear, on which Lang Shen took it up, killed him, and, taking his left ear, followed the marquis's chariot, who made him the spearman on the right.

At the battle of Ji, Xian Zhen degraded Lang Shen, and appointed Xu Jianbo in his place. Lang Shen was angry, and one of his friends said to him, "Why not die here?" He replied, "I have here no proper place to die in." "Let me and you do a difficult thing," said the friend [Meaning that they should kill the general]; but Lang Shen replied, 'It is said in one of the histories of Zhou, 'The brave who kills his superior shall have no place in the hall of Light.' He who dies doing what is not righteous is not brave; he who dies in the public service is brave. By bravery I sought the place of spearman on the right; I am degraded as not being brave; —it is my present place. If I should say that my superior does not know me, and did that which would make my degradation right, I should only prove that he did know me. Wait a little, my friend."

'At Pengya, when the army was marshalled for the battle, Lang Shen, with his own followers, dashed into the army of Qin, and died. The army of Jin followed him, and gained a great victory. The superior man will say that Lang Shen in this way proved himself a superior man. It is said in the ode [Shi, II. v. ode IV. 2]:—

"Let the superior man be angry. And disorder will be stopt;" 

and again [Shi, III. i. ode VII. 5]:—

"The king rose majestic in his wrath, And marshalled his troops." 

When Lang in his anger would not be guilty of disorder, but went on to do good service in the army, he may be called a superior man.

'The earl of Qin, [notwithstanding this fresh defeat], still employed Mengming, who paid increased attention to the government of the State, and made great largesses to the people. Zhao Cheng [Cheng is the hon. title of Zhao Cui] said to the officers of Jin, "The army of Qin will be here again, and we must get out of its way. He who in his apprehension increases his virtue cannot be matched. The ode says [Shi, III. i. ode 1.6]:

"Ever think of your ancestors, Cultivating your virtue." 

It is in this way that Mengming thinks. Thinking of his virtue, without remitting his efforts, can he be resisted?" '