Pan Wuyun‎ > ‎

Song of the Yue Boatman

posted 20 Dec 2013, 03:31 by Jim Sheng
The "Yue" were a large population group that once lived in South China, mainly in the coastal areas south of the Yangzi estuary. Little is known about their language, due to the almost complete lack of written records. The Yue-Ren-Ge 越人歌 (Song of the Yue Boatman) is the only complete text in the Yue language that has been transmitted to us. Its pronunciation was recorded in Chinese characters, and the transcription is accompanied by a Chinese version, based on the meaning of the song. Moreover, that Chinese version was written in Chu-Ci 楚辞 poetic form, by a person from the state of Chu 楚, at the time the song was sung around 528 ВС.

Both the transliteration in Chinese characters and the Old Chinese (ОС) of the song are found in the Shan-Shuo chapter of the Shuo-Yuan (说苑-善说)a work by Liu Xiang, a Han dynasty author.

Because the language in which it was sung is unknown, the Song has remained something of a mystery for a long time. In 1981, Prof. Wei Qing-wen made a pioneering comparison between the transliteration in Chinese characters and certain Tai languages (mostly Zhuang dialects), and attempted a Chinese version of the Song. Prof. Wei's use of Tai languages was an important step towards the solution, even though his version could not be perfect. ZHENGZHANG Shangfang followed his lead, but compared the transliteration mainly with written Thai (WTH), because WTH is the most anciently attested form of Thai and other languages in the Tai group, and also because it is generally believed that the Yue people spoke a Tai language.

《說苑·善說》
襄成君始封之日,衣翠衣,帶玉劍,履縞舄,立於遊水之上,大夫擁鍾錘,縣令執桴號令,呼:「誰能渡王者於是也?」楚大夫莊辛,過而說之,遂造託而拜謁,起立曰:「臣願把君之手,其可乎?」襄成君忿作色而不言。莊辛遷延沓手而稱曰:「君獨不聞夫鄂君子皙之汎舟於新波之中也?乘青翰之舟,極䓣芘,張翠蓋而㩉犀尾,班麗褂衽,會鍾鼓之音,畢榜枻越人擁楫而歌,歌辭曰:『濫兮抃草濫予昌枑澤予昌州州𩜱州焉乎秦胥胥縵予乎昭澶秦踰滲惿隨河湖。』鄂君子皙曰:『吾不知越歌,子試為我楚說之。』於是乃召越譯,乃楚說之曰:『今夕何夕搴中洲流,今日何日兮,得與王子同舟。蒙羞被好兮,不訾詬恥,心幾頑而不絕兮,知得王子。山有木兮木有枝,心說君兮君不知。』於是鄂君子皙乃㩉脩袂,行而擁之,舉繡被而覆之。鄂君子皙,親楚王母弟也。官為令尹,爵為執珪,一榜枻越人猶得交歡盡意焉。今君何以踰於鄂君子皙,臣何以獨不若榜枻之人,願把君之手,其不可何也?」襄成君乃奉手而進之,曰:「吾少之時,亦嘗以色稱於長者矣。未嘗過僇如此之卒也。自今以後,願以壯少之禮謹受命。」

1. 普通话拼音
Làn xī biàn cǎo làn yǔ, chāng hù zé yǔ chāng zhōu zhōu, kǎn zhōu yān hu qín xū xū, màn yǔ hu zhāo, chán qín yú shèn, tí suí hé hú.
濫 兮 抃 草 濫 予, 昌 枑 澤 予 昌 州 州, 𩜱 州 焉 乎 秦 胥 胥, 縵 予 乎 昭, 澶 秦 踰 滲, 惿隨 河 湖。

2. 毫无疑问,这是中国有文字记载的最早的译诗。

3. 故事里唱歌的“越人”是越女还是男船工?

4. Translation by Zhengzhang in modern Chinese and English:
Oh, the fine night, we meet in happiness tonight !
夜啊,歡樂會晤的夜晚!
I am so shy, ah ! I am good at rowing.
我多麼害羞啊,我有很能搖船。
Rowing slowly across the river, ah ! I am so pleased !
慢悠悠的搖船橫渡啊,滿懷喜歡!
Dirty though I am, ah ! I made acquaintance with your highness the
Prince.
污穢的我啊,最貴的王子殿下竟然相識了。

5. Chinese version of the song and English translation
今夕何夕兮,
Oh! What night is tonight,
搴舟中流。
we are rowing on the river.
今日何日兮,
Oh! What day is today,
得與王子同舟。
I get to share a boat with a prince.
蒙羞被好兮,
The prince's kindness makes me shy,
不訾詬恥。
I take no notice of the people's mocking cries.
心幾頑而不絕兮,
Ignorant, but not uncared for,
得知王子。
I make acquaintance with a prince.
山有木兮木有枝,
There are trees in the mountains and branches on the trees,
心說君兮君不知。
I adore you, oh! You do not know.

Zhengzhang Shangfang, Academy of Social Sciences, Peking.

Download the article by Zhengzhang.
Comments