143.有典謨 Yu 2 tien3 mo2 Have regulation counsel There are the Regulations, the Counsels, Yu see line 14. Tien is composed of 册 ts'e a tablet (see line 116), raised as amark of respect upon 兀 chi a stand, which was formerly its radical; i.e. records of ancient sovereigns to serve as lessons or examples to posterity. Hence it came to mean statutes, laws, rules, and later, to hypothecate, to mortgage. It is now classed under radical 八 pa eight (line 88), and here refers, as also do the five following titles, to certain chapters in the Book of History (line 135). Mo is composed of 言 yen words as radical, with 莫 mo not, do not, as phonetic. [The Regulations refer to the sayings and doings of wise Emperors, such as Yao and Shun (line 183), which have become a rule of life for all ages; the Counsels to advice of wise Ministers, such as the Great Yu (line 187).] 144. 有訓誥 Yu3 hsun4 kao4 Have teach announce the Instructions, the Announcements, Yu see line 14. Hsun see line 107. Kao is composed of 言 yen words as radical, and 告 kao to tell. [The Instructions were addresses of an admonitory character, delivered by some wise Minister to his Prince, on the occasion of the latter's accession to the throne. The Announcements were proclamations issued by the sovereign for various political purposes.] 145. 有誓命 Yu3 shih4 ming4 Have oath order the Oaths, the Charges; Yu see line 14. Shih is composed of 言 yen words as radical, below 折 she to break (from 手 shou hand and 斤 chin an axe) as phonetic, and originally meant to bind, hence an oath. [She to break was originally written with 艸 ts'ao grass, arranged vertically, on the left as radical, instead of the modern 手 shou hand (扌 in combination); the archaic form of the latter would be thus closely imitated.] Ming is an ideogram composed of 口 k'ou mouth as radical, with 令 ling (line 271) an order. It means to cause to act, to employ; also later, divine commands, destiny. [The Oaths consisted of addresses to officials, calling for assistance and usually promising rewards and threatening punishment. The Charges were what the name implies, delivered to officials at important junctures.] 146. 書之奧 Shu1 chih1 ao4 Book 's mystery these are the profundities of the Book of History. Shu see line 114. Chih see line 1. Ao was originally composed of 宀 mien a shelter as radical, with 釆 pien to distinguish and 廾 kung folded hands below. It originally meant the south-west corner, where the lares were placed. Hence perhaps the modern meanings, retired, mysterious, obscure. |
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